Prof. Tiannan Guo received his training in clinical medicine at Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (1999–2006), while simultaneously studying biology at Wuhan University (2001–2005). He subsequently moved to Singapore to undertake PhD training in cancer proteomics (2008–2012) under the supervision of Dr Newman Sze at Nanyang Technological University and Dr Oi Lian Kon at the National Cancer Centre Singapore.

In 2012, Prof. Guo commenced postdoctoral training in the laboratory of Dr Ruedi Aebersold at ETH Zurich, one of the world's leading centres for proteomics research. He later moved to Sydney in 2017, where he served as Scientific Director of ProCan, Group Leader of Cancer Proteome at the Children's Medical Research Institute, and Conjoint Senior Lecturer at The University of Sydney Medical School.

In August 2017, Prof. Guo joined the Westlake Institute for Advanced Studies and Westlake University as a tenure-track Assistant Professor. He was promoted to tenured Associate Professor in January 2023. In 2020, he became Director of the iMarker Lab, which has since evolved into the Westlake Center for Intelligent Proteomics, and also serves as an Associate Faculty Member of the Research Center for Industries of the Future at Westlake University.

From August 2025 to January 2026, Prof. Guo was appointed the founding Executive Vice Dean of the School of Future Biomedicine at Westlake University. He is actively involved in the scientific publishing community and serves on the editorial boards of several leading journals, including Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Cell Reports Medicine, Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Systems and Vita.